Comparison Between SSADM And SSM

Comparison Between SSADM And SSMINTRODUCTIONThe equality amongst SSADM and SSM has interpreted in this topic by utilise NIMSAD. Both methodologies has shown their own pattern of exposeing trouble situation and finding termination to fix the tasksSSDAM (Structured administrations abridgment and stick out Method)Structured trunk Analysis and initiation method is a material that adopts Structure approach to the synopsis and intention of the information administrations alike prior structured methods such(prenominal) as Yourdon in 1976,DeMarco in 1979 . It is sequential culture process called as waterfall method. It was produced for Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) and too the UK government now known as Office of Government art (OGC). In 1981 UK government was taken this method as a lordly for all projects but since then the other countries and some private organization used it greatly (Ashworth et al, 1995).SSADM supports the developers and pro ject managers in comprehending four questions they be What is to be d genius, When it is to be d wiz, How it is to be d whizz, Where the resultant inform is to be put down (Bentley et al, 1995).Some history of this methodology since 1980 Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency determines the analysis and blueprint methods.In the year of 1981 Learmonth Burchett Management Systems (LBMS) method has chosen from shortlist of five. In the year of 1983 SSADM made mandatory for all new information schema of rules breedings. random variable 2 of SSADM was released in 1984. Version 3 of SSADM was released and that was adapted by NCC in 1986. After 1988, SSADM certificate of Proficiency launched, SSADM promoted as open standard. Version 4 of SSADM has released in 1990. (Websites http//www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/steve/1/tsld005.htm). This is a wide methodology and excessively flexible to apply at any kind of line situation. It divides the kit and boodle or projects into distinct unit s (Downs et al, 1992).SSADM is a basic assumption that systems piddle an underlying, generic, entropy structure which changes very little over time (Ashworth et al,1990).The SSADM version 4 has formed five important frames such as, Feasibility Study (FS), Requirements Analysis (RA), Requirements Specification (RS), Logical System Specification (LS) and somatic Design (PD).This five-module poser has seven shows and each distributor point has explained exactly with their own strategy, controls, and activity, this helps the main break of the project management technique (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995 Downs et al, 1992).DiagramThe Feasibility Study (FS) is first base module of the methodology it holds the position of stratum 0, this phase has four tempos First one is prep ar for study to know measurement of paygrade of the project then define the problem by using comparison amidst requirements with reliable position selection of Feasibility from among others the nett one i s to submit a report of the Feasibility. Data feed in diagram and flow documents be used in this technique (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995).Requirement Analysis (RA) is one of the most important stages of SSADM. This involved with describing the requirements of information systems. This is a funda mental take aim for descent purpose. It has two stages a major aim of the first stage is to make understand fully well-nigh the system for analysts. Analyst should go over the feasibility of the project if before stage was not done and excessively the problem situation should be described by using selective information models and data flow models Inter enchanting to the employees and users also included in this stage. The second one is Business System option during this stage the analysts would determine such employment system options by assort actions for their customers. The previous stage has named that, a business system option is a potential solution to the system requirements. This includes boundaries of the solution and inputs and outputs.Requirement Specification (RS) is a single stage and it makes over the comment of the stream surround and business system option which was made by Requirements Analysis. Clients of this system would select business option at the end of RA. During this stage analysts should combine the investigation of all the stages results from 1 to 3 by march on the business option, to develop a specification of the system. It also describes actual function of the system.Entity-event modelling and rational data analysis argon the techniques used in this stage.During the stage 3, various models of the system are being developed such as, Data Flow Model (DFM) and Logical Data Model (LDM).This stage brings details the DFM and LDM. The function definition has unites into one for specification process excogitation at this stage.The next module, Logical System Specification (LS) has two stages in it. Such as stage 4 and stage 5, good Sy stem Option considered as stage 4 and Logical design as stage 5. Technical System Option is the final stage for analysis phase and conversion to the literal system design. Many execution chances are suggested to select nearly satisfactory solution similar to stage 2.This technical system options are measured by financial speak to and carrying out of the system and limitations etc.After the stage 4, Logical Design took rank as a stage 5, the works and investigation has been done as same like before stage. The main execution of Logical Design is about valet factor. It defines dialogue and updates enquiries in non-procedural manner, which is in bloodsucking of any performance strategy.Physical Design (PD) is the final module of this system. It is the best choice of possible technical and logical solution, the designer combines the result of the previous stages to build the final aim of the system. This is stage 6 and outcomes in PD for the data and processes (Ashworth et al, 19 90, Bentley et al, 1995, Downs et al, 1992).The higher up essay tells that, SSADM has a well-defined structure and easy to understand by everyone. Many of the UK University has taken this information system in comprehensively and completely. These models and diagrams are giving complete definitions for the final users and developers to understand (Ashworth et al, 1990, Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995).ETHICS (Effective Technique and homophile Implementation of Computer-based Systems)Ethics methodology came up out of work started by Enid Mumford at Manchester Business School in 1969. Since then, it has been used in industries and the health services. Much experience gained from these usages (Mumford, 1997). Ethics is acronym, but this approach is to represent the estimable position. This is the information system development, which strongly supports the human companionship (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995). This methodology is well-known(a) for its importance and interest in the human side of systems design (Jayaratna, 1994). It includes the socio-technical view for the system to be effective and this technology should be applicable for friendly and organisational factors. It also means that a valuable quality of working life story and increased billet satisfaction of the users is one of the major verifiable of this system design process.Mumford determines the essential quality of socio-technical approach as one which recognizes the interaction of technology and spate and produces the work systems which are both technically cost-effective and have social characteristics which lead to high origin satisfaction and short letter satisfaction as the attainment of a good tot up between what the employee is seeking from his work-and his argumentation needs, expectations and aspirations-and what he is required to do in his job-the organisational job requirements which mould his experience(Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995).To determine the concept of fit is used to describe the job satisfaction in five fields Firstly, knowledge fit as a good fit lives when employees should accept that their skills are being adequately utilized and their knowledge being improved to make them efficiently Physical fit is the second area that means job must suitable for the employee status, encouragement of the progress and work interest thirdly expertness fit, it undisturbed of the effort-reward bargain, work controls and supervisory controls fourthly the projection structured fit, that measures the level to the employees task are considered as being fulfilling and demanding and the final area is ethical fit, this is also represents social value fit and determines whether the employer organisation be compatible with value of employee(Avison and Fitzgerald 1995).Ethics is a methodology that based on human participation and socio technical character. The Ethics design group consist of users, managers and technical experts. The objective of this methodology helps the design group in the way of calling and formulating the problem, and also it willing set objectives and develop alternatives, and allow other actions like implementing and evaluating new system. It aims to pee the computer based system that provides job satisfaction and chance on the efficiency needs of the organisation (Jayaratna, 1994).During this development, the importance placed on both the human and social and the technical views of the system. Users ruminate social alternatives to improve job satisfaction, and experts formulate technical alternatives to improve business efficiency. The above aspects are emphasis to identify the best socio-technical fit under the common cost, resource and other environment constraints (Wong, 2001).Here, the ETHICS go are executed by the design groupWhy change?By enquiring about the problem situation of the current system, design group try to get objective through first-string meetings and some discussions to answer the question why do we need to change. This step gives earn reasons about why the changing system needed (Mumford, 1993).System Boundaries.The design team tries to identify the boundaries of the system and also how it is interfaces with other system. explanation of Existing System.This step aims to educate the design group to know how the be system works. Everyone in this group has more(prenominal) comprehensible of previous system before moving to the new system.4, 5 and 6 Definition of the detect objectives, tasks and information needs.Identify the key objectives for the design groups the task required to strike these objectives and information is needed to carry out the tasks.7. Diagnosis of skill Needs.The design group tries to identify the weak link in the system and that is to be documented. These are main reason for errors. Everyone outside the team help to identify the efficiency need. This could be the opportunity for the team to get involved in the development process.8. Diagnosis o f Job Satisfaction Needs.This is achieved by the standard questionnaire presumptuousness in the ETHICS methodology. As we know earlier ETHICS is a human-cantered method for others to gain the job satisfaction. The design team tries to identify people needs and also ways to increase satisfaction by using ETHICS questionnaire. This questionnaire covers knowledge fit, physical fit, efficiency fit, task structured fit and ethical fit.9. Future AnalysisThe new system need to be designed in the way that apart from just being part from previous system, it should also be able to cope with future changes that whitethorn occur in the technological, business and organisation or fashion.10. Specifying and weighting Efficiency and Job Satisfaction Needs and ObjectivesMumford identifies that this is the key step for the whole methodology. Objectives are set according to the diagnosis results of the three previous travel. It can be very difficult task and must involve everyone in the organisati on.11. organisational Design of the New System.This is the logical and conceptual design of the new system. It should be performed in parallel with next step. The output of this step is luxuriant about the organizational changes which are needed for the job efficiency and satisfaction objectives.12. Technical Options.The physical design has been taken by this step for new system. thither are some various technical systems like hardware, software and graphical user interface would be investigated and evaluated. By end of this step, most suitable one helps to achieve target of the project and job satisfaction.13. Preparation of Detailed Design Work.In this step the selected system is designed in detail. The previous documentation is put down and groups are defined, tasks, responsibilities are allocated and finally relationships are created.14. Implementation.This is the important step of the development project. The design group now applies the success implementation of design. This connects closely to supplying the implementation process in detail.15. Evaluation.After the successful implementation, the system is assure it is meeting its main objectives, particularly in relation to efficiency and job satisfaction (Avison and Fitzgerald, 1995, Mumford, 1993).Mumford recognizes that implementing this methodology is not an easy one also she is make the addition point that participative may not work at the tendinous situations where the objectives of the system have as a part of the reduction of cost and redundancies. Aylors and Myers suggest that participation may be achieved will be dependent on culture and politics of the organisation more than individuals (Avison and Taylor, 1995).However, many organizations are trying to institute the participation approach in flexible and more useful manner.The comparison between two methodologies (SSADM ETHICS)As we said in the introduction before, we will do comparison between two methodologies mentioned above by usin g NIMSAD (Normative Information Model-Based System Analysis and Design) framework. These methodologies are compared in detail by using the different steps. This framework consists of three steps and one of the steps contains eight stages fewer than three phases and all the stages steps are correctly evaluated. The steps and stages of the framework will be explained below,The puzzle Situation (the methodology context).The Intended difficulty Solver (the methodology user).The problem Solving Process (the methodology).Phase 1- Problem Formation branch 1- sympathy the situation of concern.Stage 2- acting the diagnosis.Stage 3- Defining the prognosis outline.Stage 4- Defining ProblemStage 5- Deriving notional systems.Phase 2- solvent DesignStage 6- Performing the conceptual/logical design.Stage 7- Performing the physical design.Phase 3- Design ImplementationStage 8- Implementation of design.Evaluation.Problem SituationThis framework will be involved with clients and defines differen t between the action world and thinking world. This step explains that the problem situation lives in only on action world but the problem resoluteness situation will be in both world. A represented model cannot catch the elements of an organisation, but they could be used to clarify the concepts and offices. This clear tells that the problem solvers own knowledge and skills will not help to understand the problem situation unless he/she know the organisational language (Jayaratna).Diagram of problem solving situationIntended Problem SolverThe intended problem solver is who originate within the organisation or outside of it. We have begun to discuss about the agreement of role and the act of forming relationship to be effective. The NIMSAD framework explains that the intended problem solver adds the single man component to the process and their Mental Construct is used.Diagram for the intended problem solverProblem Solving ProcessNIMSAD defines three important phases and eight detailed stages in this step and can be applicable for any problem solving process. This framework cannot be assumed and this should be achieved at the advanced time. This methodology could be structured process to alter transformation from current situation to the desired situation.Phase 1.Problem FormulationStage1. soul the Situation of concernUnderstanding the problem is fully based on each one of our mental construct. This stage will build boundaries to determine the field of interest and clear communication of boundaries to avoid danger and this focused on investigation and establish concerned situation.Stage2.Perfoming the DiagnosisDiagnosis is clearly communicated expression of understanding and that is gained from examine the problem situation.